Abstract The influence of tellurium in the indium segregation of Ga1-xInxSb:Te ingots obtained by the conventional vertical Bridgman method (CVBM), under stirred and non-stirred conditions, was investigated. Three Te-doped ingots and three no-doped ingots were unidirectionally solidified at a constant speed of 2.0 mm/hour, inside quartz ampoules, closed under argon, and with a conical tip. The furnace temperature was set for overheating between 73.5 - 93ºC, and temperature gradients between 3.0 - 3.3ºC/mm. The tellurium doped ingots showed a smaller number of grains and no cracks in the middle region of the ingots, right after the tip, in comparison with the no-doped ingots. Moreover, when comparing the stirred with the non-stirred ingots, the EDS experimental profile of indium in Te-doped synthetized without melt stirring ingot showed a better agreement with the Scheil-Gulliver equation than the stirred Te-doped ingots. The Te-doped ingots when stirring the melt during synthesis showed a more constant axial indium distribution, up to 85% of their lengths. The constant lattice estimated from TEM diffraction images are respectively 6.29 Å for the non-doped sample and 6.17 Å for the Te-doped sample. A qualitative account for the increase of the lattice parameter and the Hall measurements results is that the tellurium compensates for the native acceptor defects, contributing to the microstructural quality in the Ga1-xInxSb ingots.

Esse trabalho, realizado com a aplicação da termodinâmica computacional, trata dos fundamentos da produção de aços inoxidáveis na aciaria. A compreensão dos equilíbrios termodinâmicos, que se estabelecem durante o processo, contribui para a melhoria do controle operacional e do rendimento do Cr, um insumo comparativamente caro. A metodologia consistiu em utilizar os bancos de dados e a rotina de minimização da Energia de Gibbs do software FactSage, para calcular os equilíbrios envolvendo os sistemas Fe-Cr-O e Fe-Cr-O-C-Ni. Os valores calculados para o teor de O em equilíbrio com o Cr são próximos aos resultados obtidos com base em equações e dados da literatura. Em relação ao teor de Cr limite, no qual o óxido sólido em equilíbrio muda de FeO·Cr2O3 para Cr2O3, os resultados desse trabalho aproximam-se dos valores estabelecidos na literatura, mas mostram discrepância em relação a trabalhos recentes. Ressaltam-se, além disso, alguns aspectos sobre os quais se embasa a tecnologia - o efeito do vácuo e da temperatura, durante a operação de refino.

This work, done with the application of computational thermodynamics, deals with the fundamental aspects of the stainless steel production in the steelmaking. The understanding of the thermodynamics equilibria that occur during the process contribute for the improvement of operating controls and the yield of chromium - a comparatively expensive material. The methodology consisted to use the databases and the Gibbs Energy minimization routine of the FactSage software to calculate equilibria involving the systems Fe-Cr-O and Fe-Cr-O-C-Ni. The calculated values for the O content in equilibrium with Cr are in good accord with the obtained results using equations and data from literature. About the critical Cr concentration, at which the equilibrium oxide changes from FeO·Cr2O3 to Cr2O3, the results from this work are in good agreement with that values well known from literature, but show discrepancy when compared with recent works. Moreover, some aspects over which the technology is based are highlighted - the vacuum and temperature effects during refining process.